![]() Like boron in group 13, the chemistry of carbon differs sufficiently from that of its heavier congeners to merit a separate discussion. ![]() (a) The 78.86-carat Ahmadabad diamond, a historic Indian gem purchased in Gujarat in the 17th century by the French explorer Jean-Baptiste Tavernier and sold in 1995 for $4.3 million, is a rare example of a large single crystal of diamond, the less-stable allotrope of carbon.Ĭarbon is the building block of all organic compounds, including biomolecules, fuels, pharmaceuticals, and plastics, whereas inorganic compounds of carbon include metal carbonates, which are found in substances as diverse as fertilizers and antacid tablets, halides, oxides, carbides, and carboranes. In a crystalline material, atoms are arranged in a neat orderly pattern. Two allotropes of carbon have crystalline structures: diamond and graphite. Allotropes are forms of an element with different physical and chemical properties. ![]() \): Crystalline Samples of Carbon and Silicon, the Lightest Group 14 Elements. Physical properties Carbon exists in a number of allotropic forms. ![]()
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